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Our Explanation of Accounting Basics uses a simple story to introduce important accounting concepts and terminology. It illustrates how transactions will be included in a company's financial statements.

What is the difference between stocks and bonds? Definition of Stocks Stocks, or shares of capital stock, represent an ownership interest in a corporation. Every corporation has common stock. Some corporations issue...

stock and preferred stock (if any) reported separately. Retained earnings. Generally this is the cumulative earnings of the corporation minus the cumulative amount of dividends declared. Accumulated other comprehensive...

preferred stock in addition to its common stock.] Generally, the holders of common stock: Elect the corporation’s board of directors Vote on mergers Participate in increases and decreases in the market value of the...

A dividend in the form of more shares of stock. A 5% stock dividend means that a stockholder holding 100 shares would receive 5 additional shares of stock. Since all shareholders receive additional shares, each...

of an asset was an investor purchasing new shares of preferred stock, the corporation would credit the stockholders’ equity account Preferred Stock and perhaps Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Preferred Stock, or...

of the preferred stock agreement requiring it to pay the $9 per share dividend. In turn, the stockholders will be deprived of receiving the $9 dividend in a 7% market. The call price has the effect of limiting how high...

Our Explanation of Stockholders' Equity covers the unique terminology for a corporation's paid-in capital, retained earnings, treasury stock, and accumulated other comprehensive income. Included are cash dividends, stock...

Our Explanation of Stockholders' Equity covers the unique terminology for a corporation's paid-in capital, retained earnings, treasury stock, and accumulated other comprehensive income. Included are cash dividends, stock...

Where do preferred stocks go on the P&L? The amount received from issuing preferred stock is reported on the balance sheet within the stockholders’ equity section. Only the annual preferred dividend is reported on...

is a temporary account that records the proprietor’s draws during the year. At the end of the year, the account’s debit balance will be closed to owner’s capital account A corporation will likely have the...

of the balance sheet. Examples of Capital Stock Capital stock is the combination of a corporation’s common stock and preferred stock. Common stock is issued by every U.S. corporation. A small percentage of...

Also referred to as a shareholder. The owner of shares of stock in a corporation. Every corporation has common stock and those owners are known as common stockholders. Some corporations also issued preferred stock and...

A temporary account that is debited when cash dividends have been declared (instead of debiting the Retained Earnings account. At the end of the accounting year, the balance in this account is transferred to the Retained...

A current liability account that reports the amounts of cash dividends that have been declared by the board of directors but not yet distributed to the stockholders.

Our Explanation of Stockholders' Equity covers the unique terminology for a corporation's paid-in capital, retained earnings, treasury stock, and accumulated other comprehensive income. Included are cash dividends, stock...

What is the payout ratio? The payout ratio indicates the percentage of a corporation’s earnings which are distributed as cash dividends to its stockholders. Typically, the payout ratio is computed by using the per...

Our Explanation of Stockholders' Equity covers the unique terminology for a corporation's paid-in capital, retained earnings, treasury stock, and accumulated other comprehensive income. Included are cash dividends, stock...

Using capital stock (common stock or preferred stock) instead of debt in order to finance an investment such as a plant asset.

Investments in common stock, preferred stock, corporate bonds, or government bonds that can be readily sold on a stock or bond exchange. These investments are reported as a current asset if the investor’s intention...

What is the book value per share of stock? Definition of Book Value per Share of Stock The book value of a corporation is the amount of its stockholders’ equity. Assuming the corporation does not have preferred stock...

What is the dividend payout ratio? The dividend payout ratio, or simply the payout ratio, is the percentage of a corporation’s earnings that is paid out in the form of cash dividends. The calculation of the dividend...

the corporation’s assets and the stockholders’ equity account Retained Earnings. Examples of Dividends Jones Corporation has 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding. Each quarter, the board of directors declares...

Paper evidence of ownership in a corporation. The certificate would indicate the type of stock (common, preferred), any restrictions pertaining to the sale of the stock, the number of shares, the par value, etc. Today,...

of common stock that are outstanding during the period of the earnings. If a corporation had preferred stock outstanding, the required preferred stock’s dividend is shown as a deduction before the earnings that are...

The amount at which the holder of preferred stock or bonds must sell the stock or bonds back to the issuing corporation. The call price is disclosed in the indenture. The call price might be the face or par amount plus...

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